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URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS Fluctuating hormones can trigger a series of urinary tract infections, also known as UTI's, cystitis, and urethritis. When bacteria grow in the bladder, the resulting infection usually causes symptoms such as: a burning sensation while urinating, frequent but very small urinations, intense urgency, incontinence, blood in the urine, and pelvic pain. However, up to 25 percent of urinary infections in premenopausal and post-menopausal women have no symptoms. Bacteria enter the bladder in one of three primary ways: when the tube to the bladder is irritated or bruised (as from using a diaphragm, pelvic surgery, or intercourse that's a bit too vigorous), when feces are spread to the opening of the bladder through wiping from back to front after a bowel movement, or when there is a catheter present. The shrinking and thinning of reproductive and bladder tissues that may occur during premenopause contributes to bladder infections, as does the decrease in vaginal acidity. Furthermore, tiny ulcerations of the bladder may occur, usually without infection; this is called interstitial cystitis. QUICK TIPS
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